Reviving Manipur’s Lost Art: Subika Art Finds New Life in Academia and Beyond

Modern Subika Art is inspired by ancient Manipuri manuscripts known as Puya or Korbrek, which are rarely available in the public domain.

By Moirangthem Nganbarel

The endangered art form of Manipur, Subika Art, which was once on the brink of extinction, is now witnessing a remarkable revival. Thanks to the tireless efforts of Dr. Yumnam Sapha, Assistant Professor, Department of Fine Arts, Manipur University, this ancient and rare art style has not only gained new recognition but has also been introduced as a part of the university syllabus under the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Furthermore, its popularity is spreading beyond the state, with institutions outside Manipur now incorporating it into their curriculum.

Photo: Robinson Wahengbam

For many years, Subika Art remained a neglected part of Manipuri cultural heritage. Deeply intertwined with the Meitei community’s traditions, the Subika style is preserved in six rare manuscripts, Subika, Subika Achouba, Subika Laishaba, Subika Choudit, Subika Cheithil, and Thengrakhel Subika. Despite its historical significance, awareness about this unique art form had faded, putting it at risk of being lost forever. Experts estimate that Subika paintings have been in use since the 18th or 19th century.

Among the manuscripts, Subika Laishaba is considered one of the most authentic representation of Meitei cultural traditions through visual storytelling. Although the royal chronicle Cheitharol Kumbaba does not mention a specific founder, many believe this art form dates back to the time when the writing tradition was introduced in Manipur.

Dr. Yumnam Sapha has played a crucial role in the revival of Subika Art. His initiative, Modern Subika Art, aims to recontextualize traditional Subika illustrations for contemporary audiences while preserving its cultural essence. Traditionally, Subika Art was used for divination, fortune-telling, magic, and spiritual purposes. However, in its modern adaptation, it incorporates new techniques, mediums, and themes to make it more accessible and engaging.

Photo: Robinson Wahengbam

Modern Subika Art is inspired by ancient Manipuri manuscripts known as Puya or Korbrek, which are rarely available in the public domain. This artistic practice blends traditional illustrations with contemporary expressions, ensuring the survival of this rare Manipuri art form. Dr. Sapha’s illustrations have been featured in two Puffin books published by Penguin:

– And That Is Why: Manipuri Myths Retold (2021)

– Feathers, Fools, and Farts: Manipuri Folktales Retold (2024)

These books have played a major role in introducing Subika Art to a wider audience and have been instrumental in popularising the art beyond Manipur.

Photo: Robinson Wahengbam

In a bold step towards preserving this endangered art, Subika Art will now be included as a separate chapter in the Manipur University’s five-year integrated Fine Arts course, in alignment with the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020. While the course is yet to be officially started, its introduction will ensure that future generations of students learn about and practice this rare art form.

Speaking to Northeast Live, Dr. Yumnam Sapha expressed his excitement about this milestone. “The course on Manipuri Folk Visual Artform has already been added, and Subika Art will be studied as one chapter. This will help students understand and appreciate the uniqueness of our heritage. We cannot limit ourselves to traditional techniques alone; we need to adapt by integrating new methods such as digital graphics and canvas painting,” he said.

Interestingly, Subika Art is now being studied outside Manipur as well. Dr. Sapha shared his surprise and joy when a friend, working as a teacher outside Manipur, informed him that Subika Art had been introduced in her school’s curriculum. He also noted that IAS coaching centres have started including the history of this rare art form on their websites, generating nationwide interest.

Photo: Robinson Wahengbam

“Here in Manipur, people don’t take it seriously, but others have already started learning it. We need to recognise and appreciate our own art before others do,” Dr. Yumnam Sapha stated.

Dr. Yumnam Sapha’s artistic journey began in childhood when he was exposed to various forms of creative expression, including singing and theatre. After completing his 12th standard, he pursued a degree at Imphal Art College, which set the foundation for his career in painting.

The turning point in his life came in 2006 when he met renowned cultural activist Mutua Bahadur, who introduced him to the Subika Paintings found in Puyas. At that time, he did not consider incorporating this style into his work. However, during his master’s studies at Kairagarh University, where he primarily focused on Western-style painting, he had a realisation, Subika Art needed to be preserved and blended with contemporary techniques to ensure its survival.

Photo: Robinson Wahengbam

Following his master’s degree, he pursued a Ph.D. at Hyderabad University, dedicating his research to the art and craft of the Meitei community. His collaboration with historian Wangam Somorjit deepened his understanding of Subika Painting, ultimately leading to the creation of 15 unique artworks in this style. Later, his partnership with art curator L. Somi Roy led to the publication of the children’s book And That Is Why, featuring Subika-style illustrations.

Dr. Yumnam Sapha’s dedication to Manipuri art has earned him numerous accolades, including:

– Manipur State Kala Akademi Award (2006)

– NS Vandare Award (2009)

– Honourable Mention at the 7th Northeast Exhibition of Art (2010)

– Honourable Mention at the 3rd Art Exhibition by Art Society Manipur (2011)

– Best Logo Award for Manipur State Legislative Assembly Archive and Museum

Manipur is well known for its Lai Haraoba, Raas Leela and Nat Sankirtan, but it lags behind in the field of visual art. The historical roots of Manipuri art, evident in Subika Paintings, once held a prominent place in cultural expression. However, the decline in awareness almost led to its disappearance.

Photo: Robinson Wahengbam

Through his efforts, Dr. Yumnam Sapha is not just reviving an endangered art form but also placing it on the global stage. He encourages younger generations to research, innovate, and create new platforms to showcase Manipuri art at national and international levels. His work is paving the way for Subika Painting to regain its rightful place in the contemporary artistic landscape.

As Subika Art makes its way into academic syllabi, mainstream literature, and national discussions, its future shines brighter than ever. With the right support and continued dedication, this once-forgotten art form is set to become a symbol of pride for Manipur and beyond.

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